PMID- 32700517 OWN - Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH CI - Copyright Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH OCI - Copyright Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH TA - Oral Health Prev Dent JT - Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry IS - 1757-9996 (Electronic) IP - 1 VI - 18 PST - epublish DP - 2020 PG - 633-641 LA - en TI - Long-term Effectiveness of Maxillary and Mandibular Bonded Orthodontic Retainers LID - 10.3290/j.ohpd.a44939 [doi] FAU - Kocher, Katharina E. AU - Kocher K FAU - Gebistorf, Meret C. AU - Gebistorf M FAU - Pandis, Nikolaos AU - Pandis N FAU - Fudalej, Piotr S. AU - Fudalej P FAU - Katsaros, Christos AU - Katsaros C CN - OT - adverse effects OT - effectiveness OT - efficiency OT - failures OT - fixed retainers OT - irregularity index OT - long-term retention OT - retention AB - Purpose: This retrospective cohort study investigated the long-term effectiveness of one type of maxillary and 2 types of mandibular fixed lingual retainers. Materials and Methods: Eighty orthodontic patients in retention for 10-15 years were included. Irregularity index, intercanine width, overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB) were measured on plaster models at 3 occasions: (T1) pre-treatment, (T2) post-treatment and (T3) 10-15 years post-treatment. Analyses assessed the effect of the retainer type and time on mandibular irregularity, intercanine width and retainer failure. Results: In the mandible, the irregularity index increased (0.43 mm) between T2 and T3 for the 0.027" β-titanium (TMA) retainers bonded to canines only while it was stable (-0.02 mm) for the 0.016" x 0.022" braided stainless steel retainers (SS6) bonded to all six anterior teeth. The intercanine width was relatively stable in both groups during the entire observation period. In the maxilla, the irregularity index was stable between T2 and T3 (+0.07 mm). The intercanine width increased (+2.02 mm) during treatment T1-T2 and was stable (-0.02 mm) in the retention phase T2 to T3. Conclusions: In the mandible, SS6 retainers were slightly more effective in maintaining alignment compared to the TMA retainers. In the maxilla, the SS4 retainers without canine extensions were effective in maintaining alignment. All retainers were effective in maintaining the intercanine width. AID - 842341