OWN - Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH CI - Copyright Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH OCI - Copyright Quintessenz Verlags-GmbH TA - J Orofac Pain JT - Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache IS - 2333-0376 (Electronic) IS - 2333-0384 (Print) IP - 1 VI - 33 PST - ppublish DP - 2019 PG - 89-104 LA - en TI - The Treatment of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias: An Overview FAU - Ramusino, Matteo Cotta AU - Ramusino M FAU - Perini, Giulia AU - Perini G FAU - Antonaci, Fabio AU - Antonaci F FAU - Costa, Alfredo AU - Costa A CN - OT - cluster headache OT - preventive treatments OT - symptomatic treatments OT - treatment guidelines OT - trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias AB - Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are primary headaches that include cluster headache (CH), paroxysmal hemicrania (PH), and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHAs) with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) or cranial autonomic features (SUNA). Hemicrania continua (HC) is another form that has been ascribed to TACs for clinical and pathophysiologic reasons. Cluster headache is the most common of these syndromes, even if comparatively rare, with a lifetime prevalence of around 1 in 1,000. TACs share many aspects from a pathophysiologic standpoint (a hypothalamic activation may be involved in all forms initiating the attacks), but differences in attack duration and frequency and in extent of treatment response distinguish one from the other. This review focuses on the treatments currently available for these headaches according to the most recent guidelines. Due to the low frequency of most TACs, there are little data from randomized controlled trials; therefore, evidence from simple open studies in small case series or single-case observations are reported. Promising results have been recently obtained with novel modes of drug administration, invasive pericranial interventions, and different strategies such as neurostimulation. There are also some future treatments being studied at present. AID - 851482