The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of removable partial dentures affects the periodontal status of abutment teeth. An observational crosssectional study was done on a sample of patients rehabilitated with removable partial dentures (2010 to 2013). At a recall appointment, a clinical examination was done to collect data related to the rehabilitation and periodontal status of the abutment teeth. Of 145 invited patients, 54 attended the requested follow-up appointment (37.2%). Mean patient age was 59.1 years, and the study population was 42.6% male and 57.4% female. The mean follow-up time for the prosthesis was 26 months. Abutment teeth had higher values in all periodontal variables (P .001). Occlusal clasps had the worst results in relation to clasps with a gingival approach (P .005). Significant differences were also found in mandibular abutment teeth of Kennedy Class I and II compared to Class III (P .048). The periodontal status of the abutment teeth of removable partial dentures is affected by these rehabilitations. A recall program for these patients involving removable prosthodontics and periodontology appointments is mandatory.