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Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of autogenous and allogeneic demineralized dentin matrices loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2; auto- and allo-DDM/rhBMP-2) by measuring the buccal marginal bone resorption around dental implants. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent dental implant placement with auto-DDM/rhBMP-2 as the control group and allo-DDM/rhBMP-2 as the experimental group. The primary outcome was buccal marginal bone resorption on CBCT. The resorption was calculated during T0 (from surgery to prosthetic loading), T1 (during the first year after loading), and T2 (during the second year after loading). The secondary outcome was the histologic analysis of five specimens of each group, obtained during the prosthetic procedure. Results: Among the 103 implants, 61 and 42 implants were placed with auto- and allo-DDM/rhBMP-2 matrices, respectively. The resorptions of all periods were similar between the groups (T0: 0.65 ± 0.71 and 0.67 ± 0.81 mm, T1: 0.55 ± 0.60 and 0.59 ± 0.81 mm, and T2: 0.29 ± 0.45 and 0.20 ± 0.30 mm with auto- and allo-DDM/rhBMP-2, respectively). The histologic and histomorphometric analysis revealed similar osteoinductive aspects and proportions of new bone between the groups. Conclusion: Allo-DDM/rhBMP-2 showed comparable outcomes in terms of buccal marginal bone resorption to auto-DDM/rhBMP-2 during the second year after loading. Keywords: allogeneic, bone substitutes, demineralized dentin matrix, dental implant, rhBMP-2